核农学的现状及发展建议（上篇）

　　【论文摘要】本文介绍了核农学的成就和发展建议。核农学的研究与应用开始于1956年，现已广泛应用于农业的各个领域并取得了卓越的成就，在某些领域处于世界领先地位。据 2001年底不完全统计统计，辐射诱变育成新品种625个占全世界辐射育成新品种总和的 27. 2%年推广种植面积达9X 10hm2，育成的新品种每年为国家增产粮食30 ~ 40亿kg、棉花 1.5~1. 8亿kg、油料0.75亿kg创经济效益33~40亿元。在育成的新品种中有18个获得国家发明奖。已批准6大类辐照食品的国家卫生标准和17种辐照食品的国家工艺标准，年辐照食品和农产品达8 ~ 10万t。在辐射育种、航天育种、同位素示踪技术在农业上的应用、辐照农产品贮藏保鲜加工、辐射害虫防治、低剂量辐射刺激增产等方面都取得显著的成绩，创造了巨大的经济、社会和生态效益，培养和造就了一批核农学人才和科技队伍。核农学的卓越成就得到了国际原子能机构和专家的高度赞誉，1999年被国际原子能机构确认为亚太地区核农学的牵头国。核农学今后的发展应从我国核农学重大技术应用基础研究和关键技术研究着目眼力争在辐射诱变育种和空间诱变育种的分子机理、辐照检疫技术及产业化、核素示踪与环境生态保护、动物生产与健康等领域的技术取得突破，开发<批具有自主知识产权的技术成果，从总体上提高我国核农学的技术创新能力，继续保持我国核农学的综合优势。
　　【论文关键词】核农学；现状；差距；发展建议
　　Abstract： This paper reviewed the main achievements of nuclear agricultural sciences analyzed its developmental gap and provided some thoughts on its future development in China. Since the research and application of nuclear agricultural sciences was initiated in 1956 , it has penetrated into the main fields of agriculture and made outstanding achievements? in some fields，China keeps a leading place in the world. By the end of 2001 China obtained 625 mutant varieties and strains accounting for 27. 2% of the total number in the world. The total planting area of the mutant varieties amounted to about 9 million hectares? and brought about an annual increase of grains by 3 ?4 mil- lion tons cotton by 1. 5 ?1. 8million tons，oilseeds by 0. 75 million tons，with totalamualeconomic benefit of 3. 3 ?4 0 billion RMB Yuan. Among the released mutant varieties 18 were awarded the national innovation prize. China approved national hygiene standards for 6 classes of irradiated foods and 17 national technological standards of irradiated foods. The annual amount of irradiated foods and agricultural commodities ranged from 80 ?100 thou?sand tons. In general，the application of nuclear agricultural sciences in mutation breeding，space breeding, agii- cultural isotope tracers，food irradiation，sterile insect technique and radiation homesis， has made considerable 1994-2015 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved,vancement and gained tremendous economic social as well as ecological benefits. As a result? the IAEA and its technical officials highly evaluated nuclear' agiicultuie inChina. In 1999? China was approved as the RCA lead cou- ntiy for thematic agriculture. In considering its future development，the focus should be placed on the applied basic research and the development of some key technologies，and endeavor to make some breakthroughs in the molecular mechanism of mutation breeding and space breeding, irradiation quarantine technology，isotope tracing in environ?mental protection animal health and production. The general objective is to develop a set of technology packages with domestic intellectual propriety and upgrade the capability building of technology innovation in China and con?tinue to keep its comprehensive advantage in nuclear' agricultural sciences.
　　Keywords China nuclear' agricultulal sciences; current status suggestion 核农学是农业科学技术的重要组成部分，为促进食物安全和农业可持续发展作出了重要贡献。中国核农学的研究与应用始于1957年现已形成具有特色的研究体系、学术交流体系和国际合作与交流的3大网络。核农学的发展，为我国农业科技和农业生产的发展作出了重要贡献，并推动了国际核农学事业的发展。近年来由于各单位对改革的认识不同，一些农业原子能利用研究所发生较大的变化，核农学正面临滑坡的严峻形势。因此，在肯定核农学取得成就的同时，必须清醒地认识到面临的危机。本文总结了核农学的主要成就，分析了核农学与国外先进水平的差距，并提出了促进核农学发展的若干建议。

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核农学的现状及发展建议（上篇）